Question 1
The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant
The provided line visual depict information from a 2008 report concerning energy consumption in the United States from 1980 to 2030, with projections.
Overall, usage of fossil fuels has increased since the start of the period, with forecasts for even greater dependence on these fuel sources. Cleaner energy sources have been responsible for a significant reduction in consumption, and this trend is anticipated to continue.
Since 1980, there has been a consistent upward trend in the energy consumption of fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, petrol, and oil. The price of petrol and oil peaked at 35 quadrillion units in 1980, fluctuated until 2000, and is projected to surpass 45 quadrillion units by 2030. In addition, coal prices followed a comparable upward trend. By 2030, it is anticipated to have exceeded 30 quadrillion units. The consumption of natural gas is anticipated to stabilize at approximately 24 quadrillion units beginning in 2020.
With the exception of nuclear, whose consumption increased marginally to 6 quadrillion units in 2005, the utilization of healthier energy fuel sources, including solar and wind, all commenced the period at or below 5 quadrillion units and exhibited a downward trend. It is anticipated that hydropower will remain largely unaltered until 2030.
Question 2
The line graph illustrates, from 1975 to 2015, the aggregate proportion of income accumulated by the uppermost 1% of the populace in seven distinct nations. When viewed holistically, it is indisputable that the distribution of wealth grew more unequal over time, with the United States experiencing the greatest degree of inequality, followed by Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom to a lesser degree. While distributions increased overall, they were more equitable in the other countries.
When considering the nations exhibiting the most substantial growth rates, the United States exhibited a consistent ascent from 8% in 1975 to 9% by 1986, followed by a formidable surge to 13% over the subsequent several years and a subsequent surge accompanied by intermittent fluctuations that culminated in approximately 18%. The ascents in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Canada followed comparable albeit marginally lower trajectories, with the former achieving an initial peak of 11%, while all three countries concluded with comparable declines, reaching near 13% in 2015.
France, Japan, and Italy, which experienced more gradual ascents, also experienced declines of approximately 2% during the aforementioned decade, preceding consistent ascents in the 1980s. In 1990, France and Japan experienced a brief decline of approximately 3% each. However, all three nations rebounded and maintained a consistent upward trend until the conclusion of the period, with final figures slightly below 5%.
Question 3
From 2009 to 2030, the line graph illustrates the oil consumption figures for the United States, China, the Middle East, Western Europe, and Japan. Considering the situation holistically, it is indisputable that although the United States has historically consumed the most oil, this figure is anticipated to decline substantially. The figures for Japan and Western Europe will continue to decline until they reach their lowest levels by the end of the period, whereas the Middle East and China will experience a steady increase in consumption.
Initially focusing on the United States, consumption fluctuated at approximately 10 million between 2009 and 2015, but is projected to plummet to approximately 4 million by 2030. It is also anticipated that Western Europe and Japan will continue their downward trajectory, which began in 2009 at less than 4 million barrels per day and will conclude at just over 2 million.
Similar patterns can be observed in the Middle East and China, both of which commence at slightly less than 2 million barrels. Subsequently, the former increased precipitously to just under 4 million at the present time; by the end of the surveyed period, it is anticipated to have plateaued and declined marginally. The latter will experience a more gradual ascent, and it is probable that both areas will converge at approximately 3 million barrels by the year 2030.
Question 4
Between 2010 and 2017, the quantity of visitors visiting a specific Caribbean island is depicted in the graph below.
Provide a synopsis of the data by identifying and describing its key characteristics, and draw pertinent comparisons where applicable.
The line graph presents comprehensive data on the number of visitors visiting a specific Caribbean island from 2010 to 2017, including their lodging arrangements. In general, the number of visitors increased significantly, with cruise ship passengers surpassing those who stayed on the island proper, whose increase was more moderate.
The initial count of visitors staying on the island during their journeys was approximately 0.75 million, which is approximately 500,000 more than the number of individuals aboard cruise ships. The former subsequently experienced a meteoric rise in numbers, reaching 1.5 million by 2013, which was an entire million greater than the latter at the same time. At that juncture of the survey period, the number of passengers arriving by cruise ship continuously increased from the island until the conclusion, surpassing the aforementioned figure in the middle of 2015 and culminating in 2017 with a total of 2 million.
Substantial increases in the total number of visitors were a reflection of the progressive trends observed among cruise ship passengers and island visitors. Beginning at 1 million in 2010, the number of visitors steadily increased to 2.7 million by 2015, before reaching a plateau in 2016 before surging to 3.5 million by the end of the period.
Question 5
The provided line graph illustrates the proportions of patrons who attended concerts by age category from 2010 to 2015. With the exception of those aged 55 to 64, it is evident that all age groups exhibited upward trends, with the exception of those aged 55 to 64, and that younger individuals attended concerts more frequently.
In 2010, 52% of those aged 45 to 54 attended concerts, the highest percentage of any age group. However, that number dropped to 40% in 2011, allowing the 16–24 age group to increase by 15% to 55% and surpass it once more. Subsequently, both cohorts experienced comparable growth patterns, with the 16–24 age group reaching 70% by 2015 and the former group reaching 54%.
In contrast, the trends observed in the 55–64 and 25–44 age groups were contrasting. The former experienced a decline from 40% in 2010 to a minimum of 30% in 2013, followed by a rapid ascent to nearly 50% by the conclusion of the observed time frame. The latter group increased gradually from 20% to 30% in 2013, where it converged with the younger group, before declining to just over 20% in 2015. The final group, comprised of individuals aged 75 and older, experienced a doubling of their investment to 20% in the initial year. However, they relinquished those gains by 2013, followed by a consistent upward trend that culminated in a final investment of 20% for the period.